There haven’t been many times over the past three years when I felt a higher degree of certainty about what rates will do or may do. And not for all the lovely reasons you might hope for. First, let’s talk about the Federal Reserve itself, the political attacks on it, and what that may mean for the voting disposition of the current members. And then we can look at actual rate numbers and possible effects on housing.
The President’s Repeated Attacks on The Federal Reserve Failed
Among the institutions in the president’s crosshairs for political attacks has been the Federal Reserve; he was threatened by the Fed’s institutional independence and sought to erode it, unsuccessfully, via constant attacks on former chair Jerome Powell and upon another member whom he just plain didn’t like. That Fed governor was Lisa Cook; the president sought her removal from the board on mortgage fraud accusations, with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling on the matter in late June. In short, the Court held that the president could not remove Cook (nor the chair, for that matter) and that Federal Reserve Board was a sort of carve-out from the president’s growing executive powers. What does this mean for the current Fed board’s “rate posture”? More than meets the eye.
The Fed’s Tradition of Independence Continues
Since its inception in the early 20th century, the Federal Reserve has been almost completely insulated from executive and congressional attack. Trump’s onslaught, blunted by the Court’s 5/4 ruling, looks to have backfired, for once. We’ll see over the next few months. How? New Fed Chair Kevin Warsh doesn’t agree philosophically with telegraphing Fed sentiment through the media before meetings; he’s tight-lipped. And by playing his cards close to the vest, Warsh claws back a significant amount of independence. Under his leadership, the other governors have been pretty mum too. By keeping rate moves away from the media circus and political scrutiny as much as circumstances allow, the Fed’s independent prerogative is reasserted. In fact, some pundits hold that the other board members are much more free to take a more hawkish stance on inflation and that their voting pattern may change a bit with the increased cover. I couldn’t agree more.

New Federal Reserve Board Chair Kevin Warsh
Now: The Iran War, More Tarriff Baloney, Above-Target Inflation, and Rate Hikes
Among the lessons that are coming to the president’s awareness is that wars are easier to start than stop. In this case, not only does the conflict bring the usual economic uncertainty that accompanies war, but the reality that Iran can effectively choke off Hormuz tanker traffic at will means it has far greater influence on global crude prices than it did before the conflict. Law of unintended consequences, anyone? Indeed, it is in Iran’s (perceived) interest to keep crude prices high to demonstrate that leverage. It’s also in Iran’s interest to prolong the conflict. The war strongly pressures rates higher. No es bueno.
In other upward-pressure news, the Supreme Court knocked down the president’s first round of tariffs, but in his typical style, he has come back with another series, which will be more likely to elude legal challenges. Tariffs are extraordinarily inflationary (difficult for the Fed’s usual tools to address), and the longer they remain in place, the higher the pressure.
All this contributes to above-target inflation prints (the Fed’s mandate is twofold: control inflation at a target of 2.00% and maintain stable employment). With June’s consumer price index (CPI) number at 3.50%, down from May’s downright intolerable 4.20%, and all of the above, a short-term rate cut simply will not happen. Rate hikes are almost certainly on the horizon, with Fed Funds futures (basically a betting market on what the Fed will do) showing roughly a 55% to 80% chance for a 0.25% September rate increase. Will it be a one-time deal? Not likely, in my view. We will likely see hikes totaling 0.50% to 0.75% if things remain as they are, with the Fed Funds effective rate (a weighted average of all Fed Funds trades) back up into the 4.25% range in a year or so, where it was for much of 2025.
Fed funds Effective Rate, July 2016 to July 2026

Whither Mortgage Rates? Higher, Frankly
What effect will this bump to Fed Funds have on Mortgage rates? Not much good, if you like your rates low. The overnight Fed Funds rate has only a weak correlation with the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate, off of which mortgage rates are set, but it does set the tone and direction. About three years ago, I wrote that former treasury secretary Larry Summers’ view was that the 10-Year yield might hover around the 4.75% for much of the next decade. Summers has been wrong about a few predictions of late, but on this, I fear he will ultimately prove right. Yesterday’s close on the 10-year was 4.68%. And again, with all the systemic pressures in place now, the future for long-term yields is higher, not lower. So if we see short-term Fed hikes of 0.50% to 0.75%, we might see the 10-year move a similar amount. That would push average 30-year mortgage rates higher from their current 6.66% level. An equally likely scenario is that because the long end of the curve tends to act as more a thermometer than does the short end (and if the 30-year bond continues its recent rise) the 10-year might be dragged even higher and take mortgage rates with it. This is the outcome that kinda jibes with my hunch.
10-Year U.S. Treasury Yield, July 2016 to July 2026

The Result? Continued Constrained Supply. What about Prices?
Over the past three years, rising mortgage rates have constrained housing supply, as holders of low-rate mortgage paper choose to remain in their current homes, rather than put them on the market and sign a note for a new loan at 6.50%. In some respects, this constrained supply is good because it’s provided support for prices, but cracks are starting to show in that dynamic, with supply slowly creeping upward and market tolerance for steady price growth amid dwindling supply wearing thin (housing-market demand is surprisingly price-elastic). Anyway, in Santa Fe’s case, the drivers of housing demand are of a different ilk than they are in the rest of the country, with steady, reliable, and greater relative demand from outside the state insulating this market from forces that affect mainstream markets. While the cost of funds may prove higher to some over the next year, the fundamentals of Santa Fe real estate remain stable. Oh, and if you’re in the market for a mortgage, it may not be a bad idea to look now rather than delay.
































